911±¬ÁÏÍø

And prints its own money[1]

Although the German chemical industry was not in a particularly good position after the First World War, its situation was far more favourable than the industrialists had feared. The internal structures of the I.G. had not been tampered with by the Allied Powers. The planned dismantling of the paint and nitrogen factories had also been skilfully averted.

Naturally, this dominant position was initially lost. The Americans and British held the foreign patents of the German paint manufacturers that had been confiscated during the war, and following the Treaty of Versailles [28 June 1919], many production secrets had to be disclosed to the French. Nevertheless, the German paint industry remained a key centre of power.

However, as it was clear that foreign competition would continue to grow, Carl Duisberg [German chemist, 1861–1935] proposed in 1923 that at least the sales agencies of the individual I.G. members located abroad should be merged. Carl Bosch [German chemist, 1874–1940] wanted more; he worked energetically towards a merger of all the companies previously represented in the ‘small I.G.’. Thanks to his strong position, he ultimately prevailed.

A year before the end of the war [in late April 1917], the first tankers carrying ammonia rolled out of the Leuna Works [in what is now] Saxony-Anhalt [then the province of Saxony in the Kingdom of Prussia]. The plant for producing this raw material for explosives had [presumably only recently, in April] 1917 been completed.

Bosch had succeeded in securing the construction of a new ammonia and saltpetre plant in central Germany. As early completion and maximum capacity of the facilities were in the army’s vital interest[2], Leuna proved to be a veritable goldmine for BASF [Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik][3].

The land required was ‘acquired’ from the local farmers under martial law through a process of expropriation[4]. They believed they were defending their personal property as well as the Western and Eastern Fronts from the trenches[5]. In the end, they received one-fifth of the actual value of their land.

BASF repaid the Reich loans totalling 432 million marks for Leuna in the hyperinflationary year of 1923, when that sum was no longer even enough to buy bread; BASF then printed its own money to help restore stability.
 

 


Notes

[1] This title may refer directly to the title of the previous poster; in this sense, a reference to gender roles can also be inferred here.

[2] Ammonia is used, amongst other things, in the manufacture of explosives and, consequently, of ammunition for the military.

[3] Exaggeration/polemic.

[4] As with Poster 5, where the word ‘patriotic’ is used, the quotation marks here are clearly employed to create a specific contextual effect.

[5] Polemic.


 

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